SANDRA SKANDERLIĆ

FEBRUARY 1

1248. Died Henry II. Duke of Brabant

1328. Died King Charles IV. of France

1691. Died Pope Alexander VIII.

1733. Died King Augustus II. of Poland

1908. Died King Carlos I. of Portugal

FEBRUARY 2

1208. Born James I. of Aragon

1250. Died Eric XI. of Sweden

1455. Born King John of Denmark

1494. Born Bona Sforza, queen of Sigismund I. of Poland

1649. Born Pope Benedict XIII.

1711. Born Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz, Austrian diplomat

1717. Born Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon, Austrian field marshal

1769. Died Pope Clement XIII.

1895. Died Archduke Albert, Austrian general

FEBRUARY 3

1014. Died King Sweyn I. of Denmark

1116. Died King Coloman of Hungary

1338. Born Jeanne de Bourbon, wife of Charles V. of France

1451. Died Murad II., Ottoman Sultan

1808. Born Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar, Princess of Prussia

FEBRUARY 4

211. Died Septimius Severus, Emperor of Rome

708. Died Pope Sisinnius

1694. Died Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina, Tsaritsa of Russia

1872. Born Gotse Delchev, great Macedonian revolutionary

FEBRUARY 5

995. Died William IV., Duke of Aquitaine

1576. Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism

1766. Died Leopold Josef Graf Daun, Austrian field marshal

1922. Died Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, Croatian inventor

FEBRUARY 6

1378. Died Jeanne de Bourbon, wife of Charles V. of France

1664. Born Mustafa II., Ottoman Sultan

1685. Died King Charles II. of England

1740. Died Pope Clement XII.

1899. Died Prince Alfred of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prince of Edinburgh

FEBRUARY 7

457. Leo I. becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire

999. Died Boleslaus II. of Bohemia

1102. Born Empress Matilda, Princess of England

1478. Born Sir Thomas More, English statesman, humanist, and author

1626. Died William V., Duke of Bavaria

1693. Born Empress Anna of Russia

1837. Died King Gustav IV. Adolf of Sweden

1878. Died Pope Pius IX.

FEBRUARY 8

1191. Born Yaroslav II. of Russia

1250. Died Robert I. of Artois, French crusader

1291. Born King Alfonso IV. of Portugal

1296. Died King Przemysl II. of Poland

1405. Born Constantine XI. Palaiologos, the last reigning Emperor of the Byzantine Empire

1487. Born Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg

1587. Died Mary, Queen of Scots

1696. Died Tsar Ivan V. of Russia

1725. Died Tsar Peter I. of Russia

1772. Died Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales

1849. Died France Prešeren, Slovenian poet

FEBRUARY 9

1011. Died Bernard I., Duke of Saxony

1450. Died Agnès Sorel, mistress of King Charles VII. of France

1709. Died François Louis, Prince of Conti, French general

1763. Born Ludwig I., Grand Duke of Baden

FEBRUARY 10

1126. Died William IX., Duke of Aquitaine, poet

1278. Died Margaret II. of Flanders

1606. Born Christine Marie of France, regent of Savoy

1829. Died Pope Leo XII.

1868. Born Prince Waldemar of Prussia, son of Emperor Frederick III.

1939. Died Pope Pius XI.

FEBRUARY 11

731. Died Pope Gregory II.

824. Died Pope Paschal I.

1377. Born King Ladislas of Naples

1466. Born Elizabeth of York, wife of Henry VII. of England

1503. Died Elizabeth of York, queen consort of Henry VII. of England

1511. Died Henry, Duke of Cornwall, son of Henry VIII. and Catherine of Aragon

1535. Born Pope Gregory XIV.

FEBRUARY 12

1074. Born Conrad, King of Germany and Italy

1554. Died Lady Jane Grey, claimant to the English throne

1595. Died Archduke Ernest of Austria, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands

1768. Born Francis II., Holy Roman Emperor

1771. Died King Adolf Frederick of Sweden

FEBRUARY 13

858 Died Kenneth I. of Scotland

1130. Died Pope Honorius II.

1141. Died Béla II. of Hungary

1332. Died Andronikos II. Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor

1457. Born Mary of Burgundy, wife of Maximilian I., Holy Roman Emperor

1542. Died Catherine Howard, fifth wife of Henry VIII. of England

1599. Born Pope Alexander VII.

1660. Died King Charles X. of Sweden

1787. Died Ruđer Bošković, Croatian scientist and diplomat

FEBRUARY 14

270 Died St. Valentine

869. Died Saint Cyril, Greek monk, scholar, theologian and linguist

1317. Died Marguerite of France, queen of Edward I. of England

1400. Died King Richard II. of England

1571. Died Odet de Coligny, French cardinal and Protestant

1714. Died Maria Luisa of Savoy, Queen Consort of Spain

FEBRUARY 15

1145. Died Pope Lucius II.

1471. Born Piero di Lorenzo de’Medici, ruler of Florence

1564. Born Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer and physicist

1637. Died Ferdinand II., Holy Roman Emperor

1710. Born King Louis XV. of France

1848. Died Hermann von Boyen, Prussian field marshal

FEBRUARY 16

1279. Died King Alfonso III. of Portugal

1391. Died John V. Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor

1519. Born Gaspard de Coligny, French Huguenot leader

1620. Born Friedrich Wilhelm I. of Brandenburg, Duke of Prussia

1786. Born Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia

FEBRUARY 17

364. Died Jovian, Roman Emperor

1339. Died Otto, Duke of Austria

1371. Died Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria

1490. Born Charles III., Duke of Bourbon, Constable of France

1519. Born Francis, Duke of Guise, French soldier and politician

1524. Born Charles of Guise, French cardinal

1600. Died Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher

1609. Died Ferdinando I. de’Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany

1934. Died King Albert I. of Belgium

FEBRUARY 18

999. Died Pope Gregory V.

1374. Born Saint Jadwiga of Poland, queen of Poland

1379. Died Albert II. of Mecklenburg

1478. Died George, Duke of Clarence

1516. Born Queen Mary I. of England

1543. Born Charles III., Duke of Lorraine

1546. Died Martin Luther, German religious reformer

1743. Died Anna Maria Luisa de’Medici, last of the Medicis

1748. Died Otto Ferdinand von Abensberg und Traun, Austrian field marshal

FEBRUARY 19

197. Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum

197. Died Clodius Albinus, Roman governor of Britain

1473. Born Nicolaus Copernicus, mathematician and astronomer

1602. Died Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercoeur, French soldier

1670. Died King Frederick III. of Denmark

FEBRUARY 20

1171. Died Conan IV., Duke of Brittany

1194. Died King Tancred of Sicily

1431. Died Pope Martin V.

1579. Died Nicholas Bacon, English politician

1618. Died Philip William, Prince of Orange

1753. Born Louis Alexandre Berthier, French marshal

1773. Died King Charles Emmanuel III. of Sardinia

1790. Died Joseph II., Holy Roman Emperor

FEBRUARY 21

1437. Died King James I. of Scotland

1484. Born Elector Joachim I. of Brandenburg

1513. Died Pope Julius II.

1728. Born Tsar Peter III. of Russia, husband of Catherine the Great

1730. Died Pope Benedict XIII.

1783. Born Princess Catharina of Württemberg, Queen consort of Westphalia

FEBRUARY 22

965. Died Otto, Duke of Burgundy

1111. Died Roger Borsa, King of Sicily

1371. Died King David II. of Scotland

1403. Born Charles VII. of France

1440. Born Ladislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary

FEBRUARY 23

1011. Died Willigis, Archbishop of Mainz

1270. Died Saint Isabel of France, daughter of Louis VIII. of France

1417. Born Pope Paul II.

1443. Born Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, King of Hungary and Croatia

1447. Died Pope Eugene IV.

1766. Died Stanislaw Leszczynski, King of Poland

1879. Died Albrecht Graf von Roon, Prime Minister of Prussia

FEBRUARY 24

1463. Born Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Italian humanist

1500. Born Charles V., Holy Roman Emperor

1557. Born Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor

1563. Died Francis, Duke of Guise, French soldier and politician

1777. Died King Joseph I. of Portugal

FEBRUARY 25

1558. Died Eleanor of Austria, Queen of Portugal and France

1634. Died Albrecht von Wallenstein, Austrian general

1643. Born Ahmed II., Ottoman Sultan

1713. Died King Frederick I. of Prussia

1912. Died Guillaume IV., Grand Duke of Luxembourg

FEBRUARY 26

1154. Died King Roger II. of Sicily

1266. Died King Manfred of Sicily

1361. Born Wenceslaus, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia

1577. Died King Eric XIV. of Sweden

1726. Died Maximilian II. Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria

1746. Born Archduchess Marie Amalie of Austria, duchess of Piacenza

1815. Died Prince Josias of Coburg, Austrian general

1861. Born King Ferdinand of Bulgaria

FEBRUARY 27

272. Born Constantine I., Roman emperor

1594. Henry IV. is crowned King of France

1617. Sweden and Russia sign the Treaty of Stolbovo

FEBRUARY 28

1261. Born Margaret of Scotland, queen of Norway

1261. Died Henry III., Duke of Brabant

1326. Died Duke Leopold I. of Austria

1453. Died Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine

1621. Died Cosimo II. de’Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany

1648. Died King Christian IV. of Denmark and Norway

1941. Died King Alfonso XIII. of Spain