SANDRA SKANDERLIĆ

JANUARY 1

1204. Died King Haakon III of Norway

1387. Died King Charles II. of Navarre

1431. Born Pope Alexander VI.

1449. Born Lorenzo de’Medici, Italian statesman

1467. Born Sigismund I., King of Poland

1515. Died King Louis XII. of France

1557. Born István Bocskay, Prince of Transylvania

1559. Died Christian III. of Denmark and Norway

JANUARY 2

1514. Died William Smyth, English bishop and statesman

1642. Born Mehmed IV., Ottoman Sultan

1699. Born Osman III., Ottoman Sultan

1861. Died King Frederick William IV. of Prussia

1877. Born Slava Raškaj, Croatian painter

JANUARY 3

235. Died Pope St. Anterus

1322. Died King Philip V. of France

1437. Died Catherine of Valois, wife of Henry V. of England

1571. Died Joachim II. Hector, Elector of Brandenburg

1701. Died Prince Louis I. of Monaco

JANUARY 4

1248. Died King Sancho II. of Portugal

1334. Born Amadeus VI. of Savoy

1717. The Netherlands, England, and France sign the Triple Alliance

1825. Died King Ferdinand I. of the Two Sicilies

JANUARY 5

1387. Died King Peter IV. of Aragon

1448. Died Christopher of Bavaria

1477. Died Charles, Duke of Burgundy

1524. Died Marko Marulić, Croatian poet

1589. Died Catherine de’Medici, queen of Henry II. of France

1614. Born Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria

1762. Died Empress Elizabeth of Russia

1858. Died Joseph Radetzky von Radetz, Austrian field marshal

JANUARY 6

1367. Born Richard II. of England

1412. Born Joan of Arc, Roman Catholic Saint and national heroine of France

1448. Died Cristopher of Bavaria, King of Bavaria, King of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden

1537. Died Allessandro de’Medici, Duke of Florence

1655. Born Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg, Holy Roman Empire Empress

JANUARY 7

1285. Died King Charles I. of Naples

1325. Died King Dinis of Portugal

1451. Died Count Amadeus VIII. of Savoy

1502. Born Pope Gregory XIII.

1528. Born Jeanne d’Albert, Queen of Navarre

1536. Died Catherine of Aragon, consort of Henry VIII. of England

1647. Born Wilhelm Ludwig, Duke of Württemberg

1655. Died Pope Innocent X.

1768. Born Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples

1845. Born King Ludwig III. of Bavaria

JANUARY 8

1100. Died Antipope Clement III.

1107. Died Edgar of Scotland

1198. Died Pope Celestine III.

1642. Died Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer and scientist

1788. Born Archduke Rudolph of Austria

JANUARY 9

1554. Born Pope Gregory XV.

1589. Born Ivan Gundulić, Croatian poet

1878. Umberto I. becomes King of Italy

JANUARY 10

681. Died Pope Agatho

1276. Died Pope Gregory X.

1480. Born Margaret of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands

1538. Born Louis of Nassau, Dutch general

1824. Died King Victor Emmanuel I. of Sardinia

JANUARY 11

705. Died Pope John VI.

802. Died St. Paulinus II. of Aquileia

1055. Died Constantine IX. Monomachos, Byzantine Emperor

1083. Died Otto of Nordheim, Duke of Bavaria

1395. Born Michelle of Valois, Duchess of Burgundy

JANUARY 12

1321. Died Maria of Brabant, wife of Philip III. of France

1519. Died Maximilian I. Holy Roman Emperor

1562. Born Charles Emmanuel I., Duke of Savoy

1721. Born Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, Prussian general

1751. Born Ferdinand II. of the Two Sicilies

1759. Died Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange

1810. Born King Ferdinand II. of the Two Sicilies

JANUARY 13

86 BC. Died Gaius Marius, Roman general and politician

1138. Died Simon I., Duke of Lorraine

1177. Died Henry II. of Austria

1330. Died Frederick I. of Austria

1334. Born King Henry II. of Castile

1610. Born Maria Anna of Austria, Electress of Bavaria

1766. Died King Frederick V. of Denmark

1777. Born Elisa Bonaparte, Grand Duchess of Tuscany

1797. Died Elisabeth Christine von Braunschweig-Bevern, wife of Frederick II. of Prussia

JANUARY 14

83.BC. Born Marcus Antonius, Roman politician

1131. Born King Valdemar I. of Denmark

1163. Died Ladislaus II. of Hungary

1301. Died King Andrew III. of Hungary

1767. Born Maria Theresia of Tuscany, queen consort of Saxony

1861. Born Mehmed VI., Ottoman Sultan

JANUARY 15

69. Died Galba, Roman Emperor

936. Died King Rudolph of France

1342. Born Philip II., Duke of Burgundy

1432. Born King Alfonso V. of Portugal

1595. Died Murat III., Ottoman Sultan

1781. Died Infanta Mariana Victoria of Spain, queen regent of Portugal

JANUARY 16

1245. Born Edmund Crouchback, son of Henry III. of England

1387. Died Elizabeth of Bosnia, Hungarian queen and regent

1409. Born René I. of Naples

1501. Born Anthony Denny, confidant of King Henry VIII. of England

1836. Born King Francis II. of the Two Sicilies

1962. Died Ivan Meštrović, Croatian sculptor

JANUARY 17

395. Died Theodosius I., Roman Emperor

1463. Born Friedrich III., Elector of Saxony

1468. Died Skanderbeg, Albanian leader

1504. Born Pope Pius V.

1598. Died Fyodor I. Tsar of Russia

1732. Born King Stanislaw II. August Poniatowski of Poland

1831. Born Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria

1908. Died Ferdinand IV. Grand Duke of Tuscany

JANUARY 18

474. Died Leo I., Byzantine Emperor

1367. Died King Peter I. of Portugal

1519. Born Isabella Jagiello, queen of Hungary

1586. Died Margaret of Austria, regent of the Netherlands

1795. Born Anna Pavlovna of Russia, queen of the Netherlands

JANUARY 19

639. Died Dagobert I., King of the Franks

1526. Died Isabella of Burgundy, wife of Christian II. of Denmark

1544. Born King Francis II. of France

1757. Born Augusta Reuss-Ebersdorf, German Princess

1925. Died Queen Maria Sophia of Two Sicilies

JANUARY 20

225. Born Gordian III., Roman Emperor

1292. Born Elisabeth of Bohemia

1358. Born Eleanor of Aragon, wife of John I. of Castile

1479. Died King John II. of Aragon

1554. Born King Sebastian of Portugal

1612. Died Rudolf II., Holy Roman Emperor

1666. Died Anna of Austria, wife of Louis XIII. of France

1716. Born King Charles III. of Spain

1819. Died King Charles IV. of Spain

1848. Died Christian VIII. of Denmark

JANUARY 21

917. Died Erchanger, Duke of Swabia

1118. Died Pope Paschal II.

1338. Born King Charles V. of France

1774. Died Mustafa III., Ottoman Sultan

1793. Died King Louis XVI. of France

1829. Born King Oscar II. of Sweden and Norway

JANUARY 22

1440. Born Ivan III. of Russia

1561. Born Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher

1869. Born Grigori Rasputin, Russian monk

1901. Died Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom

1922. Died Pope Benedict XV.

JANUARY 23

1002. Died Otto III., Holy Roman Emperor

1570. Died James Stewart, Earl of Moray, regent of Scotland

1688. Born Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden

1857. Born Andrija Mohorovičić, Croatian seismologist

JANUARY 24

41. Died Caligula, Emperor of Rome

76. Born Hadrian, Roman Emperor

772. Died Pope Stephen III.

1002. Died Otto III., Holy Roman Emperor

1366. Died Alfonso IV. of Aragon

1444. Born Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan

1595. Died Ferdinand II. of Austria

1712. Born King Frederick II. of Prussia

1746. Born King Gustav III. of Sweden

JANUARY 25

844. Died Pope Gregory

1431. Died Charles II., Duke of Lorraine

1477. Born Anna, Duchess of Brittany, wife of Charles VIII. of France

1494. Died King Ferdinand I. of Naples

1559. Died King Christian II. of Denmark, Sweden and Norway

1670. Died Nicholas II., Duke of Lorraine

1925. Died Ivan Vučetić, Croatian anthropologist

JANUARY 26

1340. King Edward III. of England is declared King of France

946. Died Eadgyth, German Queen

1736. Stanislaus I. of Poland abdicates his throne

1744. Died Ludwig Andreas Graf Khevenhüller, Austrian field marshal

1763. Born Charles XIV. John of Sweden, Napoleonic general

JANUARY 27

98. Died Nerva, Roman Emperor

1443. Born Albert, Duke of Saxony

1546. Born Joachim Friedrich, Elector of Brandenburg

1708. Born Anna Petrovna of Russia

1756. Born Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer

1805. Born Sophie of Bavaria, Archduchess of Austria

1805. Born Maria Anna of Bavaria, Queen consort of Saxony

1859. Born Emperor Wilhelm II. of Germany

JANUARY 28

814. Died Charlemagne

1271. Died Isabella of Aragon, queen of Philip III. of France

1225. Born Saint Thomas Aquinas

1312. Born Queen Joan II. of Navarre

1457. Born King Henry VII. of England

1600. Born Pope Clement IX.

1621. Died Pope Paul V.

1717. Born Mustafa III., Ottoman sultan

JANUARY 29

1119. Died Pope Gelasius II.

1342. Died Louis I., Duke of Bourbon

1584. Born Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange

1608. Died Frederick I., Duke of Württemberg

1676. Died Tsar Alexis I., of Russia

1696. Died Ivan V., Russian tsar

1743. Died André-Hercule de Fleury, French statesman

1749. Born King Christian VIII. of Denmark

1820. Died King George III. of the United Kingdom

1870. Died Leopold II., Grand Duke of Tuscany

1906. Died King Christian IX. of Denmark

JANUARY 30

133. Born Marcus Severus Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor

1030. Died William V., Duke of Aquitiane

1384. Died Louis II. of Flanders

1649. Died King Charles I. of England

1730. Died Tsar Peter II. of Russia

1889. Died Crown Prince Rudolph of Austria

1894. Born Tsar Boris III. of Bulgaria

JANUARY 31

1512. Born King Henry of Portugal

1550. Born Henry I., Duke of Guise, French Catholic leader

1580. Died Henry of Portugal

1615. Died Claudio Aquaviva, Italian Jesuit

1673. Born Louis de Montfort, French catholic priest and saint